Thousands of Cuban migrants, deported from the United States, find themselves in a precarious situation in Mexico, according to a recent report by Human Rights Watch (HRW). These individuals are grappling with legal uncertainties and limited access to essential services, including medical care.

Deportation Challenges

The HRW report, based on data from January 2025 to March 2026, highlights the plight of Cuban migrants who have been deported to Mexico instead of their home country due to the absence of deportation agreements with Cuba. This policy shift began during President Donald Trump’s second term, resulting in increased deportations to third countries, with Mexico receiving the highest number of migrants.

Among the deported, 4,353 were Cubans, many of whom had lived in the U.S. for decades. They were often detained during routine supervision appointments with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) or at their homes. The report notes that many lost their green cards due to convictions for offenses such as driving under the influence or minor drug-related charges.

Detention Conditions

The report describes the conditions in U.S. detention centers as inhumane, with allegations of contaminated water, inadequate food, and episodes of verbal and physical violence. One Cuban, Fermín, recounted his experience at the Alligator Alcatraz detention center in Florida, where he faced unsanitary conditions. Another, Alejo, described being held in isolation for two weeks in a Texas facility.

Struggles in Mexico

Once in Mexico, deported Cubans face significant hurdles in regularizing their status. Many lack documents and belongings, making it difficult to access medical care or apply for asylum. The report cites the case of Emiliano, who feels trapped in Villahermosa, fearing violence from local criminal groups.

HRW criticizes Mexico for not providing effective avenues for these migrants to obtain permanent residency, effectively leaving them in legal limbo. The report also highlights the challenges in accessing healthcare without a CURP, a necessary identification code for medical services in Mexico.

As tensions between the U.S. and Cuba persist, the situation for these migrants remains uncertain. The HRW report underscores the urgent need for policy changes to address the humanitarian concerns faced by deported Cuban migrants in Mexico.

Original reporting: KEYT (Ventura/Santa Barbara) — read the source article.