While the fierce winds of hurricanes often capture headlines, it’s the storm surge that can be the most lethal aspect of these powerful storms. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), storm surge occurs when strong onshore winds push ocean water toward the land, causing rapid and potentially devastating flooding.

Factors Influencing Storm Surge

Several factors determine the severity of storm surge. The size and strength of a hurricane are primary contributors, as stronger winds push more water toward the shore. Fast-moving storms can quickly accumulate water along coastlines, while slower-moving storms may allow flooding to extend further inland. Additionally, large hurricanes, with their broader wind fields, tend to produce more extensive surges.

Tidal cycles also play a significant role. If a storm surge coincides with high tide, the resulting water level can be significantly higher, exacerbating flooding. The angle at which a storm approaches the coastline is another factor; storms moving directly toward the shore are more likely to generate greater surges than those traveling parallel to the coast.

The shape of the coastline itself can influence storm surge. Areas with shallow coastal waters are particularly vulnerable, as water can build up more easily near the shore. Curved coastlines and bays can funnel water inland, increasing the potential for flooding.

The Dangers of Storm Surge

Storm surge poses a significant threat to life and property. It can inundate homes, destroy infrastructure, and trap individuals in rapidly rising waters. A recent example of the destructive power of storm surge was Hurricane Ian in 2022, which brought catastrophic surge levels to Florida’s southwest coast, particularly near Fort Myers. The surge reached 10 to 15 feet above ground level in some areas, contributing to widespread devastation and financial losses exceeding $109 billion.

Despite Ian being a strong Category 4 hurricane, storm surge can occur even in weaker storms. As the 2026 hurricane season approaches, experts emphasize the importance of preparedness. Knowing your home’s elevation, consulting area flood maps, safeguarding valuables, and having an evacuation plan are essential steps to protect your family and property from storm surge.

Original reporting: Rocket City Now (Huntsville) — read the source article.