Tetanus, a potentially fatal disease, is making a comeback with hundreds of cases and dozens of deaths reported over the past 15 years, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC reports that vaccination rates have declined, leaving more people vulnerable to this preventable infection.

Understanding Tetanus

Tetanus is caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which produces spores that are common in the environment. These spores can enter the body through injuries, such as puncture wounds, lacerations, or burns, and produce a potent toxin that attacks the nervous system.

Dr. Leana Wen, an emergency physician and clinical associate professor at George Washington University, explains that tetanus can be prevented through proper wound care, vaccination, and, in some cases, tetanus immune globulin. She emphasizes the importance of seeking medical attention immediately if one has a deep puncture wound, a wound contaminated with dirt or animal feces, or a crush injury.

Symptoms and Risks

Symptoms of tetanus often begin several days to weeks after an injury and can include jaw stiffness, neck pain, back pain, or difficulty swallowing. If left untreated, tetanus can lead to muscle rigidity, painful spasms, and even death.

The CDC reports that the people most at risk are those who are unvaccinated or did not complete their primary vaccination series. Children whose parents or caregivers decline vaccination are particularly vulnerable, as are older adults, especially women over 80.

Prevention and Protection

To protect oneself and one’s family, Dr. Wen advises knowing one’s vaccination status, seeking prompt medical attention for deep puncture wounds or wounds contaminated with dirt or debris, and recognizing that tetanus is still a present threat. She emphasizes the importance of staying up to date on vaccination, as the bacteria that cause tetanus are everywhere in the environment and cannot be eliminated.

Original reporting: KTBS 3 (Shreveport) — read the source article.